Mata Air Bali

Several Articles on The Effects Of Flouride

http://www.rense.com/general67/theeffectsoffluoride.htm

By Dr Barry Durrant-Peatfield
MBBS LRCP MRCS
Medical Advisor to Thyroid UK
9-22-2005


There is a daunting amount of research studies showing that the widely acclaimed benefits on fluoride dental health are more imagined than real. My main concern however, is the effect of sustained fluoride intake on general health. Again, there is a huge body of research literature on this subject, freely available and in the public domain.

But this body of work was not considered by the York Review when their remit was changed from "Studies of the effects of fluoride on health" to "Studies on the effects of fluoridated water on health." It is clearly evident that it was not considered by the BMA (Britsh Medical Association), British Dental Association (BDA), BFS (British Fluoridation Society) and FPHM, (Faculty for Public Health and Medicine) since they all insist, as in the briefing paper to Members of Parliament - that fluoridation is safe and non-injurious to health.

This is a public disgrace, I will now show by reviewing the damaging effects of fluoridation, with special reference to thyroid illness.

It has been known since the latter part of the 19th century that certain communities, notably in Argentina, India and Turkey were chronically ill, with premature ageing, arthritis, mental retardation, and infertility; and high levels of natural fluorides in the water were responsible. Not only was it clear that the fluoride was having a general effect on the health of the community, but in the early 1920s Goldemberg, working in Argentina showed that fluoride was displacing iodine; thus compounding the damage and rendering the community also hypothyroid from iodine deficiency.

Highly Damaging To The Thyroid Gland

This was the basis of the research in the 1930s of May, Litzka, Gorlitzer von Mundy, who used fluoride preparations to treat over-active thyroid illness. Their patients either drank fluoridated water, swallowed fluoride pills or were bathed in fluoridated bath water; and their thyroid function was as a result, greatly depressed. The use in 1937 of fluorotyrosine for this purpose showed how effective this treatment was; but the effectiveness was difficult to predict and many patients suffered total thyroid loss. So it was given a new role and received a new name, Pardinon. It was marketed not for over-active thyroid disease but as a pesticide. (Note the manufacturer of fluorotyrosine was IG Farben who also made sarin, a gas used in World War II).

This bit of history illustrates the fact that fluorides are dangerous in general and in particular highly damaging to the thyroid gland, a matter to which I shall return shortly. While it is unlikely that it will be disputed that fluorides are toxic - let us be reminded that they are Schedule 2 Poisons under the Poisons Act 1972, the matter in dispute is the level of toxicity attributable to given amounts; in today's context the degree of damage caused by given concentrations in the water supply. While admitting its toxicity, proponents rely on the fact that it is diluted and therefore, it is claimed, unlikely to have deleterious effects.

They Could Not Be More Mistaken

It seems to me that we must be aware of how fluoride does its damage. It is an enzyme poison. Enzymes are complex protein compounds that vastly speed up biological chemical reactions while themselves remaining unchanged. As we speak, there occurs in all of us a vast multitude of these reactions to maintain life and produce the energy to sustain it. The chains of amino acids that make up these complex proteins are linked by simple compounds called amides; and it is with these that fluorine molecules react, splitting and distorting them, thus damaging the enzymes and their activity. Let it be said at once, this effect can occur at extraordinary low concentrations; even lower than the one part per million which is the dilution proposed for fluoridation in our water supply.

The Body Can Only Eliminate Half

Moreover, fluorides are cumulative and build up steadily with ingestion of fluoride from all sources, which include not just water but the air we breathe and the food we eat. The use of fluoride toothpaste in dental hygiene and the coating of teeth are further sources of substantial levels of fluoride intake. The body can only eliminate half of the total intake, which means that the older you are the more fluoride will have accumulated in your body. Inevitably this means the ageing population is particularly targeted. And even worse for the very young there is a major element of risk in baby formula made with fluoridated water. The extreme sensitivity of the very young to fluoride toxicity makes this unacceptable. Since there are so many sources of fluoride in our everyday living, it will prove impossible to maintain an average level of 1ppm as is suggested.

What Is The Result Of These Toxic Effects?

First the immune system. The distortion of protein structure causes the immune proteins to fail to recognise body proteins, and so instigate an attack on them, which is Autoimmune Disease. Autoimmune diseases constitute a body of disease processes troubling many thousands of people: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Asthma and Systemic Sclerosis are examples; but in my particular context today, thyroid antibodies will be produced which will cause Thyroiditis resulting in the common hypothyroid disease, Hashimoto's Disease and the hyperthyroidism of Graves' Disease.

Musculo Skeletal damage results further from the enzyme toxic effect; the collagen tissue of which muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones are made, is damaged. Rheumatoid illness, osteoporosis and deformation of bones inevitably follow. This toxic effect extends to the ameloblasts making tooth enamel, which is consequently weakened and then made brittle; and its visible appearance is, of course, dental fluorosis.

The enzyme poison effect extends to our genes; DNA cannot repair itself, and chromosomes are damaged. Work at the University of Missouri showed genital damage, targeting ovaries and testes. Also affected is inter uterine growth and development of the foetus, especially the nervous system. Increased incidence of Down's Syndrome has been documented.

Fluorides are mutagenic. That is, they can cause the uncontrolled proliferation of cells we call cancer. This applies to cancer anywhere in the body; but bones are particularly picked out. The incidence of osteosarcoma in a study reporting in 1991 showed an unbelievable 50% increase. A report in 1955 in the New England Journal of Medicine showed a 400% increase in cancer of the thyroid in San Francisco during the period their water was fluoridated.

My Particular Concern Is The Effect Of Fluorides On The Thyroid Gland.

Perhaps I may remind you about thyroid disease. The thyroid gland produces hormones which control our metabolism - the rate at which we burn our fuel. Deficiency is relatively common, much more than is generally accepted by many medical authorities: a figure of 1:4 or 1:3 by mid life is more likely. The illness is insidious in its onset and progression. People become tired, cold, overweight, depressed, constipated; they suffer arthritis, hair loss, infertility, atherosclerosis and chronic illness. Sadly, it is poorly diagnosed and poorly managed by very many doctors in this country.

What concerns me so deeply is that in concentrations as low as 1ppm, fluorides damage the thyroid system on 4 levels.

1. The enzyme manufacture of thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland itself. The process by which iodine is attached to the amino acid tyrosine and converted to the two significant thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and liothyronine (T3), is slowed.

2. The stimulation of certain G proteins from the toxic effect of fluoride (whose function is to govern uptake of substances into each of the cells of the body), has the effect of switching off the uptake into the cell of the active thyroid hormone.

3. The thyroid control mechanism is compromised. The thyroid stimulating hormone output from the pituitary gland is inhibited by fluoride, thus reducing thyroid output of thyroid hormones.

4. Fluoride competes for the receptor sites on the thyroid gland which respond to the thyroid stimulating hormone; so that less of this hormone reaches the thyroid gland and so less thyroid hormone is manufactured. These damaging effects, all of which occur with small concentrations of fluoride, have obvious and easily identifiable effects on thyroid status. The running down of thyroid hormone means a slow slide into hypothyroidism. Already the incidence of hypothyroidism is increasing as a result of other environmental toxins and pollutions together with wide spread nutritional deficiencies.

141 Million Europeans Are At Risk

One further factor should give us deep anxiety. Professor Hume of Dundee, in his paper given earlier this year to the Novartis Foundation, pointed out that iodine deficiency is growing worldwide. There are 141 million Europeans are at risk; only 5 European countries are iodine sufficient. UK now falls into the marginal and focal category. Professor Hume recently produced figures to show that 40% of pregnant women in the Tayside region of Scotland were deficient by at least half of the iodine required for a normal pregnancy. A relatively high level of missing, decayed, filled teeth was noted in this non-fluoridated area, suggesting that the iodine deficiency was causing early hypothyroidism which interferes with the health of teeth. Dare one speculate on the result of now fluoridating the water?...

Displaces Iodine In The Body

Do you think it should be marketed?

Fluoridation of the nation's water supply will do little for our dental health; but will have catastrophic effects on our general health. We cannot, must not, dare not, subject our nation to this appalling risk....

References

L Goldemberg - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - cited in Wilson RH, DeEds F -"The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity" Endocrinology 26:851 (1940).

G Litzka - "Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus Basedow und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin" Med Wochenschr 63:1037-1040 (1937) (discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid medication, documents activity on liver, inhibition of glycolysis, etc.).

W May - "Behandlung der Hypothyreosen einschlieblich des schweren genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor" Klin Wochenschr 16: 562 - 564 (1937).

Sarin: (GB: isopropyl methylphosono-fluoridate) is a colorless, odorless volatile liquid, soluble in water, first synthesized at IG Farben in 1938. It kills mainly through inhalation.

Cyclosarin (GF) and Thiosarin are variants. Pennsylvania Department of Health
http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/
health/cwp/view.asp?a=171&q=233740

Sarin: (GB: CH3-P(=O)(-F)(-OCH(CH3)2)

Source: A FOA Briefing Book on Chemical Weapons
Gerhard Schrader, a chemist at IG Farben, was given the task of developing a pesticide. Two years later a phosphorus compound with extremely high toxicity was produced for the first time. IG Farben: "...the board of American IG Farben had three directors from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the most influential of the various Federal Reserve Banks. American IG Farben. also had interlocks with Standard Oil of New Jersey, Ford Motor Company, Bank of Manhattan (later to become the Chase Manhattan Bank), and AEG. (German General Electric) Source: Moody's Manual of Investments; 1930, page 2149."

http://reformed-theology.org/html/
books/wall_street/chapter_02.htm

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The full text of this article can be found in Namaste Magazine Vol.7 Issue 1


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Poisoned Water (and Fluoride)
http://www.sott.net/articles/show/209230-Poisoned-Water
lya Shur
Sott.net
Tue, 25 May 2010 05:00 EDT
© SOTT.net

Further reading, from http://www.SOTT.net
Fluorine Compounds Make you Stupid - Why is the Government not merely allowing, but promoting them?
1) Small Amounts Fluoride Destroy The Will To Resist
2) Fluoride Accumulates in Pineal Gland
3) High fluoride in drinking water is associated with poor performance on intelligence tests
4) No Fluoride for Infants, Say Dentists - NRC reveals fluoridation's adverse effects to the thyroid gland, diabetics, kidney patients
5) Exposure to fluoride induces early puberty
6) Fluoride Causes Premature Births, Brain Degradation, Bone Loss, Cancer and Hormone Disruption
7) Fluoride/Cancer Link is Plausible
8) Fluoridated water in tap water and bottled water unsafe for infants, children, adults, and elderly

Arthur Miller wrote, "An era can be said to end when its basic illusions are exhausted." It's becoming increasingly clear that we are living through such a time. The information age is dissolving many of the lies of corporate capitalism. The rapid exchange of knowledge on the Internet has made the excesses of globalization transparent. It's high time for pointing out the pink elephants and debunking the myths of the system. So here's some more dirt under the fingernails of the American Empire: fluoride. For half a century in North America the commonly held belief has been that fluoride is good for our teeth. This is a PR lie concocted by the most infamous "mad man" of Madison Avenue, Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud. The truth is that fluoride is poison. Yet on account of the longevity of the lie, to this day there is poison in our toothpaste and in our drinking water.

In most of North America, if you turn on the faucet in the kitchen or the bathroom, the water that pours out will be laced with hydrofluorosilicic acid. It's designated a Class 2 poison by the EPA, an acute toxin worse than lead and almost as bad as arsenic. According to the National Cancer Institute it's a known carcinogen. 

Hydrofluorosilicic acid is a byproduct of the Florida phosphate fertilizer industry. It comes straight from the stacks of industrial plants. It's illegal to dump it into freshwater lakes and rivers because it's toxic to life. Yet it's being trucked in oil tankers all over the United States and Canada to be sold to municipalities that pump it into our tap water. Yet enough scientific evidence has mounted against fluoride that three U.S. judges have ruled in federal court that fluoridation represents an "unreasonable risk" to the public, and the public is beginning to get wind of the danger.

In 2006 the National Research Council published the most comprehensive review to date of the scientific studies into the issue entitled "Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of the EPA's Standards." The review panel found that hydrofluorosilicic acid has been linked with preventable diseases like arthritis, diabetes, osteosarcoma, Alzheimer's, Down's syndrome, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue, and hypocalcemia. The weight of evidence suggests that fluoride causes damage throughout the human organism: cells, skins, bones, joints, ligaments, kidneys, liver, lungs, and intestines. 

Fluoride is shown to depress the thyroid gland, impairs kidney function, and calcify the pineal gland. Fluoride crosses the blood-brain barrier intact and causes neurological damage that lowers IQ. Fluoride is especially dangerous to the brain because it combines with aluminum which is known to cause Alzheimer's and dementia. Fluoride also damages the DNA by causing cells to mutate, which is one of the triggers of cancer.

The official line that we're told is that fluoride prevents tooth decay. Yet fluoride is known to do just the opposite. Fluoride causes dental fluorosis, a condition that makes teeth hard and brittle with discoloration, chipping and pitting of the enamel. It's estimated by the Centers for Disease Control that one-third of the children in the United States have dental fluorosis. In Canada the numbers are lower due to less fluoride in the water: Health Canada estimates between 12 and 14 percent incidence of fluorosis. Furthermore new studies show that the supposed benefits of fluoridation are nonexistent. The National Institute of Dental Research conducted the largest study to date on fluoride's effects on teeth with over 39,000 children ages 5 to 17 and found no significant differences between fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Another study in New York State found that the only significant difference is that fluoridated Newburgh, New York, has twice the dental fluorosis of non-fluoridated Kingston, New York.

The American Dental Association has warned that parents should make up baby formula with non-fluoridated water because of the damage that fluoride can do to the developing teeth of infants. The EPA has withdrawn its support of fluoridation, after the EPA's headquarters filed a successful grievance a gainst the agency asking for clean drinking water because fluoride is toxic. The National Kidney Federation has also asked to have its name removed from the list of fluoridation, and furthermore warned that kidney patients should be warned about the dangers of fluoride ingestion. The National Cancer Institute has estimated that one-tenth of the quarter-million cancer deaths per year in the U.S. are linked to water fluoridation.

A growing number of scientists are learning the truth about fluoride. Dr. Paul Connett of St. Lawrence University and executive director of the Fluoride Action Network explains his own experience: "I have been researching the scientific literature on fluoride since 1996. I approached this issue with an open mind. If I had any bias when I set out it was that those who were opposed to fluoridation were 'crackpots.' However, the more I read the more concerned I became over the dangers posed by fluoride and by the very poor science underpinning political decisions that allow such a toxic substance to be put into our drinking water."

Yet for some doctors speaking the truth has not come without a price. The best example may be Dr. Phyllis Mullinex, who used to be a leading researcher with the Forsyth Dental Institute. She created an innovative computer pattern recognition software to study the neurotoxicity of chemicals. Then she was asked to study fluoride. At first she balked that it was a waste of time. Like most doctors, she believed that fluoride as safe and harmless because it was in toothpaste and drinking water. Yet the software revealed that fluoride even in small doses causes effects similar to hyperactivity and Attention Deficit Disorder. The results were congruent with numerous studies in China that show that fluoride lowers the IQ of children. When Dr. Mullinex published these surprising results, she was promptly fired from Forsyth and since then has not been able to find a position or receive research grants.

Another fluoride expert is Dr. Hardy Limeback, the Head of Preventive Dentistry at the University of Toronto and former president of the Canadian Association for Dental Research. He was on the panel of the National Research Council that published the scientific indictment of fluoride. Like many practicing dentists, Dr. Limeback used to promote fluoride, but when he learned the truth he recanted his earlier position and apologized for misleading the public. Since then he's been a leading opponent of fluoridation. Yet his integrity has also cost him professionally. Since changing his position Dr. Limeback also has not received any research grants.

There are many examples but all exemplify the pattern: scientists and doctors who have the integrity to speak the truth against fluoridation are marginalized by the corporate medical establishment. Yet the weight of evidence certainly suggests that those who support fluoridation are in violation of the most fundamental principle of the medical profession, the Hippocratic Oath: do no harm.

National Cancer Institute co-founder Dr. Dean Burke has said: "We estimate that since fluoridation was introduced into the U.S., there have been almost as many excess deaths associated with fluoridation as the sum total of all American military deaths since the founding of the USA 1776. Now that's an awful burden for pro-fluoridationists to bear if they can come to see that they have been responsible for this. The underlying clandestine force behind water fluoridation is a need by various industries to get rid of various toxic fluoride byproducts, about as tough to get rid of as radioactive waste. The dentists are by and large pawns."

So the fact is that we're being poisoned. Fluoride is put into our drinking water quite deliberately, and despite the laws that uphold fluoridation, it's clearly a moral crime of negligence at the very least, a crime that harms the health of millions of people. One question that arises is why it's happening: out of ignorance or greed or both? In ancient Rome when politicians were assassinated people asked themselves: cui bono? Who benefits? It's doubtful that city councilors have much to gain from fluoridation, although politicians receive contributions from lobbyists. It's doubtful that dentists who promote fluoridation are informed about the dangers involved, although it must be said that the profits of dentists are 17 percent higher in areas where water is fluoridated. Yet it's clear that the lion's share of the profits in the fluoride racket go to corporations. For the chemical corporations fluoridation is a double win: they receive a big handout of taxpayers' dollars and they get rid of toxic waste. And whereas politicians and dentists can claim ignorance with justice and may be forgiven because they not what they do, the same cannot be claimed by corporations.

The truth is that fluoride has a long shady history as a toxic chemical that goes all the way back to the Manhattan Project. Declassified documents show that scientists like the Manhattan Project's chief toxicologist Harold Hodge were ordered to cover up the dangers of toxins like fluoride in order to prevent lawsuits against the Pentagon and military contractors. Later Harold Hodge was a leading promoter of fluoride and appeared in education films in a white smock spelling out on a blackboard that fluoride is both safe and effective in preventing tooth cavities. The research to support such claims came from scientists like Gerald Cox of the Mellon Institute, who also argued on behalf of asbestos, and Robert Kehoe of the Ketting Laboratory, who also defended lead. Such "science for hire" was financed by corporations, and the skewed findings were used as ammunition for the Fluorine Lawyers Committee of litigators who defended the industry in lawsuits. Dr. Leonard Weinstein of Cornell University said in 1983: "Certainly there has been more litigation on alleged damage to agriculture by fluoride than all other pollutants combined."

In fact, fluoride was involved in the worst air pollution accident in American history. Fluoride gas was found to be the cause of 19 deaths and thousands of injuries near a U.S. Steel plant in Donora, Pennsylvania, in 1948. It was this accident that instigated the first environmental movement. So the historical record shows that corporations are well aware of the dangers of fluoride though it's continued to be sold to the public.

So why does water fluoridation continue? If fluoride is a clear and present danger to the public, why don't the health authorities put an end to this irrational and irresponsible practice? The simple truth is that the government regulatory bureaucracies have been captured by the dental lobby on behalf of the industry that produces, sells and profits from fluoride.

For example, Canada's Chief Dental Officer is Peter Cooney, a fervent supporter of fluoridation. Cooney also holds a position with the World Dental Federation, which is an international trade association funded by corporations that profit from fluoride like Colgate, Johnson & Johnson, Proctor & Gamble, etc. So it's no surprise that Cooney was appointed to the panel when Health Canada put together a panel of experts to study the issue of fluoridation.

According to Paul Connect, "The report is sloppy, superficial, selective, biased and clearly designed to protect the fluoridation program at all costs. In short, it should embarrass any Canadian who believes that Health Canada's policies are based on sound science and bound by scientific integrity. These are harsh words and I don't use them lightly. But it is very clear that this whole 'product' was a fix from the very beginning."

Basically, once again in the instance of water fluoridation the public has been swindled and defrauded by yet another "iron triangle" of collusion between corporations, politicians and regulators. That's what "establishment" means. It's a network of connections and a system of corruption that subverts democracy and sells out the integrity of public office. The quid pro quo goes like this: corporations make political contributions in exchange for the political appointments of corporate lackeys to key positions in regulatory bureaucracies where they won't interfere with the rackets. So after they do a stint in so-called public service they'll be rewarded with plush gigs in the exact same corporations they were supposed to regulate.

The iron triangle is a characteristic staple of the capitalist system. It's the same on Wall Street where executives from Citibank and Goldman Sachs are appointed to key positions to regulate the financial sector. It's the same with the military-industry complex where Pentagon generals who promote military spending are rewarded with jobs with the military contractors. The latest example relevant to fluoride: Julie Gerberding, head of the Centers for Disease Control and a die-hard fluoridationist, has just been rewarded with a job as head of the vaccines division at Merck Pharmaceuticals, where she can be trusted not to blow the whistle on toxic chemicals in the drugs.

With lead, with asbestos, with DDT, and now with fluoride, we have seen time and again how corporations are perfectly willing to put out a dangerous product that harms the health of countless people, and how our elected representatives and politically appointed bureaucrats fail to take action until it's too late or not at all. The reason is corporations call the tune and governments dance the jig.

In the past century we have seen epidemics of preventable diseases like arthritis, diabetes and cancer. When we stop to think, we understand that the true cause is the pollution by toxic chemicals of our air, food and water. We know that fluoride in the water is one of the causes of these diseases. The damage cannot be undone, but if we wish to begin to heal our society, if we want to cleanse the public body of the poisons we consume, then we must begin by facing the truth. Fluoride is more than just a health care issue. It's about more than mass medication without informed consent. Fluoride is a metaphor for what's wrong with how the system works. Water fluoridation is a racket being perpetrated upon the people. It's a scheme that costs the public hundreds of millions for the fluoride itself plus incalculable millions in health care costs. It's yet another case of public finance of private profit, a business model that simply would not be viable without government subsidy, which is a truism of the whole capitalism system. Fluoride demonstrates once again how big business is able to control public opinion with bullshit and twist politics around its little finger like a mobster's pinky ring. Fluoride has been one of the myths of our culture for fifty years, and as the lie unravels around a moral crime, we find the fingerprints of unscrupulous corporations out for profit with no regard for the planet and no respect for life. Until we can face up to this reality, and speak out against the status quo, we continue to live with poisoned water and everything it represents.

*****************************************************

Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride (1993)
Commission on Life Sciences http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=030904975X&page=85

National Academies Press
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EFFECTS OF INGESTED FLUORIDE ON RENAL, GASTROINTESTESTINAL, 
AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS EFFECTS ON THE RENAL SYSTEM. 

The kidney is the potential site of acute fluoride toxicity because kidney cells are exposed to relatively high fluoride concentrations. Fluoride concentrations in the kidney show an increasing gradient of concentration, the lowest concentrations occurring in the renal cortex and the highest in the papilla (Whitford, 1990~). Fluoride, after oral administration, is rapidly absorbed into the blood. 

Peak serum concentrations occur 30-90 minutes after administration and then decline rapidly (Cowell and Taylor, 1981~. Approximately 50% of the daily intake of fluoride is cleared by the kidneys (Whitford, 1990~. Consequently, the kidney is thought to be a target organ for any adverse effects of fluoride because of the bio-concentration and kinetics of fluoride metabolism and excretion patterns. 

A few experimental studies have examined the effects of fluoride exposure on rodent kidneys. Daston et al. (1985) administered] a single intraperitoneal dose of fluoride at 30 or 40 mg/kg of body weight to 29-day-old rats. They observed transitory (disappearing within 120 hours) renal effects, such as polyuria, increased urinary pH, and proximal tubular cell necrosis. The renal effects in rodents are probably age-dependent because suckling rats have a lower urinary pH than weanling rats do. The lower pH likely results in more selective reabsorption.


86 Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride.

Fluoride, which results in higher tissue concentrations. Studies of weanling rats consuming water with high concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF at 380 mg/L for 6 weeks) have demonstrated necrosis of the proximal and distal renal tubules Tim et al., 1978~. In a study of weanling rats administered drinking water with NaF at 100 mg/L for 6 months, Taylor et al. (1961) reported interstitial nephritis and dilation of the renal tubules at the corticomeduliary junction. No effects were observed at 50 mg/~. Structural changes in the kidneys have also been reported by other investigators following chronic fluoride exposure, although the eventual effects on renal function were not examined (Hodge and Smith, 1977; Greenberg, 1986~). 

In humans, the potential for health effects of fluoride exposures on renal function is enhanced because of selective absorption by the kidney and the kinetics of fluoride distribution and excretion. The healthy kidney removes fluoride from the blood much more efficiently than it removes the other halogens. Furthermore, the tissue-to-plasma fluoride-concentration ratios for soft tissues were highest in the kidneys (Whitford, 19891. Studies of persons receiving the halogenated anesthesia, methoxyflurane, observed renal insufficiency in some patients due to high serum fluoride concentrations (Mazze, 1984~). The effect was transient, and renal function returned to normal once the serum fluoride concentrations decreased below 30 micromoles Mold. Several epidemiological studies have examined the possible association between fluoride exposures and renal effects. 

Hanhijarvi (1975), in a study of plasma fluoride concentrations in 2,200 hospital patients in Finland (which included 501 persons living in an area with naturally occurring fluoride concentrations at less than 0.2 mg/L of drinking water and 1,083 persons living in an area with fluoride added to drinking water at ~ mg/~), showed that concentrations increased with age and were higher in individuals living in the area with added fluoride in drinking water. Renal clearance of fluoride increased with age in both groups but was approximately twice as high in persons living in the area with acided fluoride. Decreased renal clearance of fluoride was observed in persons with renal insufficiency or with diabetes mellitus. Other studies have shown decreased fluoride clearance in both adults and children with impaired renal function (Kong et al., 1984; Spak et al., 1985~. Several large community-based epidemiological studies found no increased renal disease associated with long-term exposure to drinking water with fluoride concentrations


Effects of Fluoride on Renal, Gastrointestinal, arid Immune Systems.

87 up to ~ mg/L (Leone et al., 1954; Schlesinger et al., 1956; Geever et al. 1958). In summary, although experimental studies have shown transient and permanent renal effects at concentrations of fluoride over 50-100 mg/L, human epidemiological studies have not observed increased renal disease in populations with long-term exposure to fluoride concentrations up to X mg/L of drinking water. 

EFFECTS ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 

With the exception of monofluorophosphate, all fluoride-releasing compounds form hydrogen fluoride when mixed with hydrochloric acid in the stomach. In the acid environment of the stomach, fluoricie and hydrogen ions form the non-ionized molecule hydrogen fluoride, which might be irritating to the stomach mucosa if the concentration is sufficiently high. Hydrogen fluoride has been shown to induce structural and functional adverse effects on the gastric mucosa of rats and dogs at concentrations of 190 mg/L. These effects range from loss of the mucous layer and scattered desquamation of mucous cells to widespread erosions of the gastric mucosa (Whitford, 1990~. 

Experimental studies in rodents given extremely high doses of NaF (1,900 mg/L) demonstrated erosive and hemorrhagic injury to the gastric mucosa and disruption of the structure and integrity of the gastric glancis; healing progressed over 7 days (Easmann et al., 1984, 1985; PashIey et al., 19844. In rats, chronic exposure to NaF at 4, 10, or 25 mg/kg in the diet resulted in dose-dependent chronic gastritis and glandular stomach acanthosis (Appendix D in PHS, 1991~. Gross lesions were observed in the mucosa of the glandular stomach of male rats treated for 6 months with NaF at 300 mg/L (NTP, 1990~. The lesions in male and female rats included clifi~use hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium accompanied by cellular necrosis. Studies of workers occupationally exposed to varying concentrations of fluoride have reported a variety of gastrointestinal effects. These include chronic gastritis with or without accompanying skeletal fluorosis, duodenal ulcers, and erosion of the gastric mucosa (MecIvecleva, 1983; Desai et al., 1986~. Neither of the studies reporteci ambient fluoride


88 Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride measurements, 

The actual exposure concentrations are unknown but are presumed to be high. In summary, high concentrations of fluoride, in the form of hydrogen fluoride, which is due to mixing in We stomach with hydrochloric acid, Carl be irritating to We gastric mucosa, resulting in dose-dependent adverse effects. There are limited data on humans at low exposures, indicating that at optimal concentrations of fluoride, gastrointestinal effects are not a problem. HYPERSENSITnnTY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS Few animal and human data on sodium fluoride-related hyper- sensitivity reactions are found in the literature. In animal studies, ex-cessively high doses, inappropriate routes of administration of fluoride, or both were used Lewis and Wilson, 1985; fain and Susheela, 1987~. Thus, the predictive value of those data, in relation to human exposures at accepted exposure levels, is questionable. Reports of hypersensitivity reactions in humans resulting from exposure to NaF are mostly anecdotal (Arnold et al., 1960; Richmond, 1985; Modly and Burnett, 1987; Razak and Latifah, 1988~. The most common reactions observed included dermatitis, urticaria, inflammation of the oral mucosa, and gastrointestinal disturbances. 

Hypersensitivity reactions to fluoride dental preparations were mild to moderately severe and appeared to resolve completely with discontinuation of the product (Adair, 1989~. It was reported that those reactions were caused by NaF or by alcohol, dyes, or flavoring agents in the products. Waldbott (1962) reported that ingestion of fluoride at ~ mg/L of water produced numerous symptoms, which included gastrointestinal distress and joint pains. Those symptoms were also reported in a few patients who received a daily dose of 20 me or more in treatment for bone conditions (Rich et al., 1964; Shambaugh and Sundar, 1969~. However, those symptoms are not believed to be caused by chronic intake of fluoride at any concentration, let alone at the low fluoride concentrations cited by Waldbott. The findings should be disregarded for the following reasons: (~) insufficient clinical and laboratory evidence of allergy or intolerance to fluorides used in the fluoridation of community water. 


Effects of Fluoride or' Renal, Gastrointestinal, and Immune Systems 

No evidence of immunologically mediated reactions in a review of the reported allergic reactions (Austen et al., 1971~. Waidbott (1978) proposed that the skin lesion Chizzola maculae might be caused by airborne fluorides. Waidbott and Cecilioni (1969) attributed the development of these discrete skin lesions to fluoride exposure in 10 of 32 persons living near fertilizer plants in Ontario, Canada, and Iowa and close to an iron foundry in Michigan. Evidence for Chizzola maculae resulting from exposure to fluoride has been reviewed extensively by several investigators (Hodge and Smith, 1977), who concluded that the evidence was circumstantial and unsupported by field surveys. 

The literature pertaining to immunological and immunomodulation effects of fluoride is limited. Although direct exposure to high concentrations of NaF in vitro affects a variety of enzymatic activities (AIm, 1983; Mircevova et al., 1984; National Health and Medical Research Council, 1985; Takanaka and O'Brien, 1985; O'Shea et al., 1987; Okada and Brown, 1988; Mizuguchi et al., 19X9), the relevance of the effects in vivo is unclear. Standardized immunotoxicity tests of NaF at relevant concentrations and routes of administration have not been conducted. 

DISCUSSION. The kidney and gastrointestinal system are exposed to varying fluoride concentrations owing to specific characteristics of fluoride kinetics and excretion patterns. The kidney exhibits the highest tissue-to-plasma fluoride concentrations measured for any soft tissue with a concentration gradient existing across the different anatomic sections of the kidney. 

All the soluble fluoride-releasing compounds, except monophosphate, form hydrogen fluoride when mixed with hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Hydrogen fluoride is irritating to the stomach mucosa. For the kidney, experimental studies have demonstrated transient renal effects at relatively high fluoride concentrations (50-100 mg/L). Human epidemiological studies have not observed increased rates of renal disease in populations exposed to fluoride concentrations up to ~ mg/L of drinking water. Experimental studies of the effects of fluoride on the gastrointestinal tract in several animal species have shown dose-dependent adverse effects, such as chronic gastritis and lesions of the stomach mucosa, at doses as low as 190 mg/L. The limited reports on adverse gastrointestinal effects.

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Truth11
Nazi Connections To Flouride In America’s Drinking Water
http://truth11.com/2009/12/01/nazi-connections-to-flouride-in-americas-drinking-water/

When Fluoridation Ends -
So Do Cavities
From The New York State Coalition Opposed To Fluoridaton
1-20-2
Rense.com
http://www.rense.com/general19/cav.htm

NEW YORK - Despite 25 years of water fluoridation, children in Bauru, Brazil, have just as many cavities as children in Jau, Brazil, where six years of fluoridation ended in 1992, according to a study to be presented at the March 2002 International Association for Dental Research General Session. (1a)

Many studies show cavity rates decline when fluoridation ends, contradicting American Dental Association (ADA) predictions.

Fluoride added to over 62% of US water supplies is supposed to reduce tooth decay but these six studies from dental journals show it hasn't and, in fact, may have increased the likelihood of rotten choppers.

* "No increase in caries (cavities) was found in Kuopio (Finland) 3 years after the discontinuation of water fluoridation," according to Caries Research (1b). In fact, when Kuopio was compared to a similar never-fluoridated Finnish town, cavity rates in both towns either remained the same or decreased six years after fluoridation was stopped in Kuopio.

* Seven years after fluoridation ended in LaSalud, Cuba, cavities remained low in 6 to 9 year olds, decreased in 10 to 11 year-olds, significantly decreased in 12 to 13 year olds, while caries-free children increased dramatically, reports Caries Research (2).

* East German scientists report, "following the cessation of water fluoridation in the cities Chemnitz (formerly Karl-Marx-Stadt) and Plauen, a significant fall in caries prevalence was observed," according to Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (3). Additional surveys in the formerly-fluoridated towns of Spremberg and Zittau found. "Caries levels for the 12-year-olds of both towns significantly decreased... following the cessation of water fluoridation."

* Not only did decay rates remain stable during an 11-month fluoridation break in Durham, NC, between September, 1990, and August, 1991 but dental fluorosis declined in children born during that period, according to the Journal of Dental Research (4)

* In British Columbia, Canada, "the prevalence of caries decreased over time in the fluoridation-ended community while remaining unchanged in the fluoridated community," reported in Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. (5)

* In 1973, the Dutch town of Tiel stopped fluoridation. Researchers counted drilled, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) of Tiel's 15-year olds, then collected identical data from never-fluoridated Culemborg. DMFS initially increased in Tiel then dipped to 11% of baseline from 1968/69 to 1987/88 while never-fluoridated Culemborg's 15-year-olds had 72% less cavities over the same period, reports Caries Research. (6)

A government report out of Canada (7) shows similar negative results and offers a reason. Fluoridation was launched in the 1940's when dentists believed fluoride's beneficial effects were achieved internally, through the bloodstream then absorbed inside the teeth. The Canadians report that "this effect is likely to be minor... The evidence for a post-eruptive (topical) effect,... is much stronger."

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control corroborates the Canadian Report. "Fluoride works primarily after teeth have erupted...," according to "Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States."

Therefore, swallowing fluoride doesn't reduce tooth decay but does cause dental fluorosis - white spotted, yellow or brown stained and sometimes pitted teeth.

According to the ADA's website "Dental decay can be expected to increase if water fluoridation in a community is discontinued for one year or more, even if topical products such as fluoride toothpaste and fluoride rinses are widely used." http://www.ada.org/public/topics/fluoride/facts-benefit.html#5

"Well, science proves the ADA is wrong about the claimed benefits of water fluoridation and they are wrong about the safety of water fluoridation, too" says lawyer Paul Beeber, President, New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation.

"Studies link fluoridation chemicals to increased blood lead levels, neurological defects, brittle bones, thyroid cancer and more," says Beeber. "It's time for the media to challenge the science that supports water fluoridation and present the truth to the public. We've made it easy for the media to access the medline abstracts via the links below. No more excuses."

Other US government studies and statistics support the findings of these six studies and the Canadian government report. For example, children in fluoridated-since-1945 Newburgh, New York, have no less tooth decay but significantly more dental fluorosis than children from never-fluoridated Kingston, New York, according to Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology June 1999.

Hawaii and California, the least fluoridated US states (13.0% and 15.7%, respectively) also produce residents least likely to be toothless, according to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Yet Kentucky and West Virginia, 100% and 82.1% fluoridated, have the most toothless residents.

(1a) The interruption in the water fluoridation related to dental caries prevalence in Jau-SP, Brazil, Peres, et al, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2002SanDiego/techprogram/abstract_14173.htm

(1b) "Caries trends 1992-1998 in two low-fluoride Finnish towns formerly with and without fluoridation," Caries Research, Nov-Dec 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 11093019&dopt=Abstract

(2) "Caries prevalence after cessation of water fluoridation in LaSalud, Cuba," Caries Research Jan-Feb. 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 10601780&dopt=Abstract

(3) "Decline of caries prevalence after the cessation of water fluoridation in the former East Germany," Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, October 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 11014515&dopt=Abstract

(4) "The effects of a break in water fluoridation on the development of dental caries and fluorosis," Journal of Dental Research, Feb. 2000 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 10728978&dopt=Abstract

(5) "Patterns of dental caries following the cessation of water fluoridation," Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, February 2001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 11153562&dopt=Abstract

(6) "Caries experience of 15-year-old children in The Netherlands after discontinuation of water fluoridation," Caries Research, 1993

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids= 8519058&dopt=Abstract

(7) Benefits and Risks of Water Fluoridation http://www.gov.on.ca:80/MOH/english/pub/ministry/fluoridation/fluoridation.html


Fluoride Action Network http://www.fluoridealert.org

More News Releases: http://www.enn.com/direct/display-by-affiliate.asp?id=1765

For more information, contact: Paul Beeber President New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridaton 516-555-7309 nyscof@aol.com Web site: http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof